Notable among creoles is Haitian Creole, which grew primarily from the interactions between French colonists and enslaved Africans on Haiti’s plantations. First languages arising in this way from artificially created pidgins are called creoles. Sometimes, as the result of relatively permanent settlement and the intermixture of two speech communities, a pidgin becomes the first language of later generations, ultimately displacing both the original languages. Some pidgins have come to be extensively used, such as Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea and the pidgins of the West African coast. Pidgins have been particularly associated with areas settled by European traders examples have been Chinook Jargon, a lingua franca based on an American Indian language and English that was formerly used in Washington and Oregon, and Beach-la-mar, an English-based pidgin of parts of the South Seas. In such situations the so-called pidgins arise, more or less purposely made up of vocabulary items from each language, with mutual abandonment of grammatical complexities that would cause confusion to either party. This happens when people speaking two different languages have to work together, usually in some form of trade relation or administrative routine. In other circumstances, languages have been deliberately created to facilitate communication with outsiders. Some specialized languages were developed to keep the outsider at bay.
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